Perceived helpfulness of treatment for social anxiety disorder: findings from the WHO World Mental Health Surveys
Ronny Bruffaerts
(1)
,
Meredith Harris
(2)
,
Alan Kazdin
(3)
,
Daniel Vigo
(4)
,
Nancy Sampson
(5)
,
Wai Tat Chiu
,
Ali Al-Hamzawi
(6)
,
Jordi Alonso
(7)
,
Yasmin Altwaijri
,
Laura Andrade
(8)
,
Corina Benjet
,
Giovanni de Girolamo
,
Silvia Florescu
,
Josep Maria Haro
,
Chi-Yi Hu
,
Aimee Karam
,
Elie Karam
,
Viviane Kovess-Masfety
(9, 10)
,
Sing Lee
,
John Mcgrath
,
Fernando Navarro-Mateu
,
Daisuke Nishi
,
Siobhan O’neill
,
José Posada-Villa
,
Kate Scott
,
Margreet Ten Have
,
Yolanda Torres
,
Bogdan Wojtyniak
,
Miguel Xavier
,
Zahari Zarkov
,
Ronald Kessler
,
Sergio Aguilar-Gaxiola
,
Mohammed Salih Al-Kaisy
,
Yasmine Altwaijri
,
Laura Helena Andrade
,
Lukoye Atwoli
,
Guilherme Borges
,
Evelyn Bromet
,
Brendan Bunting
,
Jose Miguel Caldas-De-Almeida
,
Graça Cardoso
,
Somnath Chatterji
,
Alfredo Cia
,
Louisa Degenhardt
,
Koen Demyttenaere
,
Oye Gureje
,
Hristo Hinkov
,
Peter de Jonge
,
Aimee Nasser Karam
,
Norito Kawakami
,
Andrzej Kiejna
,
Jean-Pierre Lepine
,
Maria Elena Medina-Mora
,
Zeina Mneimneh
,
Jacek Moskalewicz
,
Marina Piazza
,
Tim Slade
,
Juan Carlos Stagnaro
,
Dan Stein
,
Maria Carmen Viana
,
Harvey Whiteford
,
David Williams
1
KU Leuven -
Catholic University of Leuven - Katholieke Universiteit Leuven
2 University of Queensland [Herston]
3 Yale University [New Haven]
4 University of British Columbia [Vancouver]
5 HMS - Harvard Medical School [Boston]
6 AL-Qadisiyah University
7 University Pompeu Fabra
8 USP - Universidade de São Paulo = University of São Paulo
9 EHESP - École des Hautes Études en Santé Publique [EHESP]
10 LPPS (URP_4057) - Laboratoire de Psychopathologie et Processus de Santé
2 University of Queensland [Herston]
3 Yale University [New Haven]
4 University of British Columbia [Vancouver]
5 HMS - Harvard Medical School [Boston]
6 AL-Qadisiyah University
7 University Pompeu Fabra
8 USP - Universidade de São Paulo = University of São Paulo
9 EHESP - École des Hautes Études en Santé Publique [EHESP]
10 LPPS (URP_4057) - Laboratoire de Psychopathologie et Processus de Santé
Wai Tat Chiu
- Function : Author
Yasmin Altwaijri
- Function : Author
Corina Benjet
- Function : Author
Giovanni de Girolamo
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 764102
- ORCID : 0000-0002-1611-8324
- IdRef : 03440242X
Silvia Florescu
- Function : Author
Josep Maria Haro
- Function : Author
Chi-Yi Hu
- Function : Author
Aimee Karam
- Function : Author
Elie Karam
- Function : Author
Sing Lee
- Function : Author
John Mcgrath
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 760336
- ORCID : 0000-0002-4792-6068
Fernando Navarro-Mateu
- Function : Author
Daisuke Nishi
- Function : Author
Siobhan O’neill
- Function : Author
José Posada-Villa
- Function : Author
Kate Scott
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 799744
- ORCID : 0000-0002-3928-8377
Margreet Ten Have
- Function : Author
Yolanda Torres
- Function : Author
Bogdan Wojtyniak
- Function : Author
Miguel Xavier
- Function : Author
Zahari Zarkov
- Function : Author
Ronald Kessler
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 805399
- ORCID : 0000-0003-4831-2305
Sergio Aguilar-Gaxiola
- Function : Author
Mohammed Salih Al-Kaisy
- Function : Author
Yasmine Altwaijri
- Function : Author
Laura Helena Andrade
- Function : Author
Lukoye Atwoli
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 823372
- ORCID : 0000-0001-7710-9723
Guilherme Borges
- Function : Author
Evelyn Bromet
- Function : Author
Brendan Bunting
- Function : Author
Jose Miguel Caldas-De-Almeida
- Function : Author
Graça Cardoso
- Function : Author
Somnath Chatterji
- Function : Author
Alfredo Cia
- Function : Author
Louisa Degenhardt
- Function : Author
Koen Demyttenaere
- Function : Author
Oye Gureje
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 764103
- ORCID : 0000-0003-0094-5947
Hristo Hinkov
- Function : Author
Peter de Jonge
- Function : Author
Aimee Nasser Karam
- Function : Author
Norito Kawakami
- Function : Author
Andrzej Kiejna
- Function : Author
Jean-Pierre Lepine
- Function : Author
Maria Elena Medina-Mora
- Function : Author
Zeina Mneimneh
- Function : Author
Jacek Moskalewicz
- Function : Author
Marina Piazza
- Function : Author
Tim Slade
- Function : Author
Juan Carlos Stagnaro
- Function : Author
Dan Stein
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 792751
- ORCID : 0000-0001-7218-7810
- IdRef : 033376417
Maria Carmen Viana
- Function : Author
Harvey Whiteford
- Function : Author
David Williams
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 775424
- ORCID : 0000-0003-4033-0867
Abstract
Purpose: To investigate the prevalence and predictors of perceived helpfulness of treatment in persons with a history of DSM-IV social anxiety disorder (SAD), using a worldwide population-based sample.
Methods: The World Health Organization World Mental Health Surveys is a coordinated series of community epidemiological surveys of non-institutionalized adults; 27 surveys in 24 countries (16 in high-income; 11 in low/middle-income countries; N = 117,856) included people with a lifetime history of treated SAD.
Results: In respondents with lifetime SAD, approximately one in five ever obtained treatment. Among these (n = 1322), cumulative probability of receiving treatment they regarded as helpful after seeing up to seven professionals was 92.2%. However, only 30.2% persisted this long, resulting in 65.1% ever receiving treatment perceived as helpful. Perceiving treatment as helpful was more common in female respondents, those currently married, more highly educated, and treated in non-formal health-care settings. Persistence in seeking treatment for SAD was higher among those with shorter delays in seeking treatment, in those receiving medication from a mental health specialist, and those with more than two lifetime anxiety disorders.
Conclusions: The vast majority of individuals with SAD do not receive any treatment. Among those who do, the probability that people treated for SAD obtain treatment they consider helpful increases considerably if they persisted in help-seeking after earlier unhelpful treatments.