The use of UV–visible spectrophotometry for the quality assessment of soils is less developed than for water and wastewater. However, available methods and applications are proposed since the last two decades and particularly in the last 5 years for sediments. They are based either on the analysis of extracts of soils or sediments for local terrestrial characterization or on remote sensing from spatial observation for land-use assessment. In order to review practical solutions for soil quality assessment, applications for agricultural soils are presented before considering other examples for natural soils (polluted soils being addressed in Chapter 13) and wetlands. At the end of the chapter, some recent studies on sediments’ characterization with UV–visible spectrophotometry and fluorescence will be considered.