This study intends to analyze the influence that the health condition (with/without chronic condition (CC) and CC that affect/does not affect the school participation), the factors related to the school context (liking school, perception of school success, difficulties at school, relationship with peers and teachers) and the physical and psychological symptoms exert on the adolescents’ quality of life (QoL). This work is part of the HBSC 2018 study and relies on the participation of 8215 students (52,6% female), aged between 10 and 22 years old (M=14.36 and SD=2.28). The results show that the adolescents with CC have more physical and psychological symptoms and a lower perception of QoL. Having a CC that does not affect school participation is associated with a better QoL. The students with CC that affect school participation like school less than the students with CC that does not affect school participation, perceive a lower academic success and a lower QoL, have more difficulties at school and present more physical and psychological symptoms. Liking school, having a better relationship with teachers and peers, a higher perception of school success, fewer difficulties at school and fewer physical and psychological symptoms is associated with a better QoL. These results underline the importance of school participation regarding the adolescents’ well-being and QoL. More than having a CC, what causes a greater impact on the adolescents’ QoL is the fact that this condition affects the school participation which reinforces the importance of promoting and ensuring the school participation of the students with CC.