Health impact assessment (HIA) is a method assessing the health impacts of policies and projects not directly health related, before their implementation, to make them more favourable to health. As decision-makers are increasingly more concerned by social issues, HIA has to analyse these elements in depth. However, mechanisms on how built environment influence social environment and health are numerous and not always clearly identified. We elaborated an analytical framework to assist in the assessment of the impact of urban projects on social cohesion, as a determinant of health, to be used for HIA’s analysis. To build the framework, we conducted a literature review to clarify concepts and understand how the built environment influences the social environment and its different components, identified specific elements of the built environment that have an effect, declined these dimensions in questions to ask and variables to assess and then tested that framework on two HIA. The framework constitutes a useful tool for HIA. It opens the way for considering social issues in a more detailed way with a specific lens on equity. Thanks to a variety of variables, it rebalances the analysis between environmental and social aspects.